tlp_09_mwalton

=Teacher Lesson Page=

Matthew Walton, Mystic Valley Regional Charter School
Matt's Primary Source Page

Essential Questions:
Grades 8-10 - How did immigration affect American conceptions of "WE THE PEOPLE"? Grade 5 - How did immigrants contribute to a growing nation? Grade 3 - What impact did immigrants have on the places where they chose to settle?

a. the technological improvements and inventions that contributed to industrial growth c. the rise of a business class or merchants and manufacturers
 * Standard(s):** USI.28: Explain the emergence and impact of the textile industry in New England and industrial growth generally throughout antebellum America.


 * Guiding Question:** How did technological improvements and inventions contribute to the industrial growth of the United States?


 * Title:** The Rise of the Immigrant Industrialist.


 * Introduction:** You are a member of a team of advisors that will advise a European industrialist who wants to build a textile factory in Massachusetts. Textile manufacturing has been a very important part of the European economy for quite some time. Industrialists are becoming very rich through the manufacturing of fine cloth, and the market for such products is growing by leaps and bounds. In America, immigrants such a William Crompton will provide thousands of jobs to a citizenry that is eager to work. As the factories are being built, decisions must be made concerning what types of looms will be purchased, and how these looms will be powered. Knowing that to power your looms required working with your fellow advisors, with a $100,000 budget, you will decide whether you will use water power, steam power, or both to power your factory, and make other important decisions to help make the new factory a success.


 * Task:** Your assigned group will be given a packet of primary sources. As a "team of advisors" your group will use three primary sources to investigate what is needed to launch a profitable textile factory in Massachusetts in 1881.

Introduction to primary sources and explanation of how to evaluate each. **Why did William Crompton come to America?** Download fillable PDF form. (Requires Adobe Reader 8 or higher to SAVE work into PDF)
 * Lesson Process:**
 * Day 1**

In order to produce textile fabrics in the 19th century you will need to purchase looms and enough power to operate them efficiently. The seven excerpts below are from the //Illustrated Catalogue of Looms Manufactured At The Crompton Looms Works//. (Worcester, Mass., U.S.A. 1881). For each excerpt, write a brief statement on what you believe is the most important point. Remember, as an advisor, the factory owner will depend on your specific recommendations to build and equip his new textile factory.

//llustrated Catalogue of Looms Manufactured At The Crompton Looms Works// (Courtesy of the Boston Public Library, Rare Books Department) Excerpt 1: In 1839 he returned to the United States, and in 1840 introduced his invention into the Middlesex Mills of Lowell, Mass. Up to this time no fancy woollens had been woven in this country. No fancy cassimeres had been made in Europe, excepting those woven on hand-looms. Therefore, at the Middlesex Mills, for the first time in this country, or in the world, fancy cassimeres were woven by power, and in a more perfect manner than could be made by hand Excerpt 2: Though the looms were now fairly introduced, the low tariff which held from 1836 to 1850 was a great hinderance to the increase of manufactures: consequently the whole amount received during the fourteen-years' term of the patent on the loom was only fourteen thousand dollars. Excerpt 3: Furbush and Crompton, the new firm, made narrow looms from 1851 to 1857, when they brought out the //fast//-operating broad fancy loom with improvements in box-motion. Broad looms up to this period operated at about forty-five picks. The new (1857) broad looms, with twenty-four harnesses and three boxes at each end, reached the speed of eighty-five picks per minute. Excerpt 4: This improved loom of 1866 was exhibited at the Paris Exposition, 1867, and attracted the earnest attention of the Continental manufacturers. It was awarded a SILVER MEDAL, - the only recognition given to any loom for weaving woollens, notwithstanding seven different looms were in competition, from England, Belgium, France, Saxony, and Prussia. Excerpt 5: The improved woollen looms exhibited at the Centennial Exhibition, 1876, by these Works, were fitted with this improved pick-finder, and it contributed towards the basis of the Commissioners' award, which was "For the BEST looms for weaving on shawls, cassimeres. and satinets, embracing original invention, ingenious construction, and excellent workmanship."  Excerpt 6: In 1868, soon after Wyman's invention of the compound lever, crank and gear box-motion, the Works commenced making gingham looms. The first order of magnitude came from the Renfrew Manufacturing Company, in 1870, for three hundred and fifty looms. From that time to the present, this gingham loom has been considered the leading loom by the first-class mills of the country, such as Renfrew Manufacturing Company, Amoskeag Manufacturing Company, Lancaster Mills, Glasgow Company, Johnson Manufacturing Company, Whittenton Manufacturing Company, Parkhill Manufacturing Company, Gloucester Gingham Mills, Bates Manufacturing Company, etc., and they show their appreciation by continuous orders. Many thousands are now in use. Excerpt 7: It is confidently asserted, that, for variety of fancy looms, no concern can vie with the Crompton Loom Works; and it is prepared to show that its different looms surpass in execution, product, and quality, any machines of their class. **Optional Activity:** Download the entire Catalogue of Looms. Select four additional excerpts looking for more clues on what will be needed to make your new textile factory a success. The original seven excerpts are highlighted in yellow in this PDF version.
 * Primary Source #1 **

Weaving looms need lots of power to operate efficiently. Your textile factory is located in Lawrence, Massachusetts and has access to water power. Water is important, industrialists used machines such as looms to manufacture fabric. Recently, you were approached by Gordon McKay who has offered to sell you a new steam engine. What are the benefits to using steam power to operate your looms?
 * Will you power your factory with water or steam, or both?


 * Primary Source #2 **

Letter from Gordon McKay of the Lawrence Machine Shop
Translation of above letter found in primary source folder. Your group will draw a card setting up one of four possible scenarios. 1.) It has been a wet spring, The Proprietors of Locks and Canals has granted you an option to purchase 3 additional millpowers per week. What will you choose?
 * Day 2-**

2.) Gordon McKay has offered you a deal on a new steam engine. What loom will you choose to go in your factory along with the engine?

3.) A wealthy department store in England is willing to buy cashemere from your factory for the next 10 years. You need to purchase the correct looms to produce this high quality fabric.

4.) You are contacted by a southern plantation owner who wants to sell cotton to you exclusively, what type of loom would you want to produce cotton textile that would make the most out of the supply.

Working in groups, students will use the documents provided to answer the questions given in the Textile Factory Research Sheet.

Complete the origin, purpose, value, limitation chart for each primary source document.


 * Group Name: || Letter From Gordon McKay || Crompton Loom Works Catalogue || Treatise relative to the testing of waterwheels and machinery ||
 * Origin ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Purpose ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Value ||  ||   ||   ||
 * Limitation ||  ||   ||   ||

Looms for Purchase
1880 Broad Fancy Loom $ 3,000. 30 horsepower needed Gingham Loom: $2,000 each. 45 horsepower needed "New England" Dobby Loom $2500 per loom. 50 per weave room. 40 Horsepower required.

How much horsepower will your new textile factory require? //Treatise relative to the testing of waterwheels and machinery// by James Emerson (1892) media type="custom" key="5250603" How much are the looms? Varied per loom purchase, see images above for prices. Cost of power? _ __Price of fabric?__ _ $ 1.00 per yard http://www.fabrics.net/joan900.asp Cost of workers? $0.75 per week and board http://courses.wcupa.edu/johnson/robinson.html How much horsepower is required? 0.125 //hp// to 0.5 //hp//
 * Textile Factory Needs:**
 * Primary Source #3 **

The business plan is a written document that will be used by the textile factory owner to make important decisions on what will be produced and what will be sold. As you discuss each document, please take notes on what your group decides about the origin, purpose, value, and limitation of each document that you are investigating. Discuss your responses to the questions on the ** Textile Factory Research Sheet **. When you are finished, write a 1-2 paragraph persuasive essay explaining your recommendations to the textile factory owner. Be sure to outline the strengths and weaknesses of each loom.
 * Business Plan Directions**

Group presentations: How did each group arrive at their decision?
 * Day Three-**


 * Conclusion:** Present your proposal to the class, explaining why you made the decisions that you did. Each group will tell the class what factors led you to this decision, and how successful you think your factory will be in the future.


 * Assessment:** Each group will hand in a business proposal explaining the reasons their decisions were made. Each group will also be graded on participation and contribution to class discussions.

Letter from Gordon McKay of the Lawrence Machine Shop Crompton Loom Works Catalogue George Crompton an American inventor, manufacturer, and businessman and the son of [|William Crompton].
 * Resources:**

Content Rubric

 * **Students will be able to…** || **Inadequate: (0-2 points)**
 * Students correctly describe one or fewer major factors that led to the success of a 19th century textile factory in Massachusetts. Students cite no specific examples from the primary sources provided of how a industrialist overcame obstacles.** || **Adequate:** **(3-5 points)**
 * Students correctly describe 2 of the major factors that led to the success of a 19th century textile factory in Massachusetts. Students cite few specific examples from the primary sources provided of how a industrialist overcame obstacles.** || **Good:** **(6-8 points)**
 * Students correctly describe 3 of the major factors that led to the success of a 19th century textile factory in Massachusetts. Students cite some specific examples from the primary sources provided of how a industrialist overcame obstacles.** || **Strong:** **(9-10 points)**
 * Students correctly describe 4 major factors that led to the success of a 19th century textile factory in Massachusetts. Students cite specific examples from the primary sources provided of how a industrialist overcame obstacles.** || **Teacher comments:** ||
 * **Identify the major obstacles faced by an industrialist in the 1800s. (Power profit Innovation, and Labor)** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Identify the major concerns of an industrialist in the 1800s.** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Identify how the weaving loom was the center of the 19th century technological innovation in New England.** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||
 * **Identify the strengths and weaknesses of each type of loom.** ||  ||   ||   ||   ||   ||

url}?f=print|print this page