PS10MNapoli

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BPL Primary Sources


"Between 1800 and 1900, most of the African Americans who lived in the city lived in the West End, between Pinckney and Cambridge Streets, and between Joy and Charles Streets, a neighborhood now called the North Slope of Beacon Hill." from Black Heritage Trail information at the website for the Museum of African American History. Map of the Black Heritage Trail click here.

African Meeting House, 46 Joy St., West End/Beacon Hill, Boston. Museum of African-American History. " At the end of the 19th century, when the black community began to migrate from the West End to the South End and Roxbury, the building was sold to a Jewish congregation. It served as a synagogue until it was acquired by the Museum of African American History in 1972." More info about the transition to a synagogue can be found on the NPS brochure: "In 1898 the Baptist congregation sold their meeting house and moved to a new location in the South End. The meeting house became the Jewish Congregation Anshi Libavitz in 1904..."

"A Short History of Boston's North Slope"

Boston blacks made exodus to Roxbury by Yawu Miller Article from: Bay State Banner, February 18, 1999

The Jews of Boston By Jonathan D. Sarna, Ellen Smith, Scott-Martin Kosofsky, Combined Jewish Philanthropies of Greater Boston (Google Books) see page 149, 188 for quotes on African-American reaction to Jewish immigrant influx.

Wikipedia on "West End, Boston" See information on late 19th c European immigration.

12th Baptist Church website

"A Short History of Beacon Hill"

[|Bostonian Society — short historical overview] [|Mystic River Jewish Communities Project] [|The Jews of Boston by Jonathan D. Sarna, Ellen Smith, Scott-Martin Kosofsk] [|American Jewish Historical Society (AJHS) — Boston] The Vilna Shul -- Boston WGBH video on Vilna Shul restoration PBS's "The Jewish Americans" resources
 * Jewish communities in Boston — acounts and archives**

Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address, 1895: "To those of the white race who look to the incoming of those of foreign birth and strange tongue and habits for the prosperity of the South, were I permitted I would repeat what I say to my own race, "Cast down your bucket where you are." Cast it down among the eight millions of Negroes whose habits you know, whose fidelity and love you have tested in days when to have proved treacherous meant the ruin of your firesides. Cast down your bucket among these people who have, without strikes and labour wars, tilled your fields, cleared your forests, builded your railroads and cities, and brought forth treasures from the bowels of the earth, and helped make possible this magnificent representation of the progress of the South. Casting down your bucket among my people, helping and encouraging them as you are doing on these grounds, and to the education of head, hand and heart, you will find that they will buy your surplus land, make blossom the waste places in your fields, and run your factories. While doing this, you can be sure in the future, as in the past, that you and your families will be surrounded by the most patient, faithful, law-abiding, and unresentful people that the world has seen. As we have proved our loyalty to you in the past, in nursing your children, watching by the sick-bed of your mothers and fathers, and often following them with tear-dimmed eyes to their graves, so in the future, in our humble way, we shall stand by you with a devotion that no foreigner can approach, ready to lay down our lives, if need be, in defense of yours, interlacing our industrial, commercial, civil, and religious life with yours in a way that shall make the interests of both races one. In all things that are purely social we can be as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress."

The Booker T. Washington Papers: 1914-15 By Booker T. Washington, Louis R. Harlan, Raymond Smock (Google Books) "What has the immigrant contributed to American Life?" (1915) p. 369

"The Intellectuals and the Boston Mob" (1911)

"On the Boston Church Riot of 1903"

Booker T. Washington Papers @http://www.historycooperative.org/btw/index.html Vol 14 (Index) on "Immigration" http://www.historycooperative.org/btw/Vol.14/html/108.html

Google Map of Phillips Street, Boston, MA (North Slope of Beacon Hill)

1879 Map of Boston (Leventhal Center, BPL)

Beacon Hill by Cynthia Chalmers Bartlett (Google Books)

=Americans in process: a settlement study= By South End House (Boston, Mass.) (1902/1903) [Google Books]

European Immigration to US c. 1880-1915
PBS series "Destination America" background on European Immigration to U.S.

African-American Migration background
LoC Immigration -- African Americans migration in US page

Schomberg Center -- In Motion: the African-American Migration Experience "Moving North" "The Great Migration"

Intersection of migrants and immigrants
American Anthropological Association -- RACE "Immigration, Black Migration, and U.S. Colonialism"

Booker T. Washington The Man Farthest Down: A record of observation and study in Europe. Questia version Google Books version

See especially chapter 5 " Politics and Race"

Article on BTW and The Man Farthest Down

NY Times Review of The Man Farthest Down

original quote from George Washington Carver

Booker T. Washington background
PBS short bio

American Experience 1 page background

Jim Crow stories bio

Margaret Washington interview on BTW and WEBDuB

Articles from America's Historic Newspapers
Evening News 1900-08-23 Many Colored Citizens Seeking Race Advance @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/11372F3CDCAFEAF8/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

Sun 1900-08-24 Cause of Race Riots. Booker Washington Thinks Intelligence Will Remove the Trouble @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/1190CD64196DFAB0/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

issues of race suffrage, not distinctly Southern Fort Worth Morning Register 1901-02-10 Dr. Abbott Talks. Made some Startling Statements on Negro Rights @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/114C17B1D90A9948/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

Fort Worth Morning Register 1901-10-18 The Color Line. Booker T. Washington's Daughter Has Experience at Wellesley @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/114C1D0064064658/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

Daily Herald 1901-11-01 A Race Problem and Its Solution What the Negro is Doing to Help Himself @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/1154BFA24D9F8898/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

Daily Herald 1901-12-11 Where Color Line Failed. Striking Incident in the Life of Booker T. Washington, Described by Himself @http://docs.newsbank.com/s/HistArchive/ahnpdoc/EANX/1154BF37ABE113F8/0F20FECAAFCBE6ED

African-American Leaders and Immigration
A Philip Randolph